Cat neuter healing photos - Cat Neuter in Murray, Utah. Salt Lake Spay and Neuter ... cats' organs to process. Brachycephalic breeds ... stitches are not placed in the incision as it needs ...

 
Spaying (also known as an ovariohysterectomy) is performed on a female dog and consists of the complete removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes and both ovaries. For male dogs, they undergo what’s called neutering (known as castration or orchidectomy), which includes the complete removal of the testicles. The Recovery Process for Spayed …. Chester county arrests

Bathing a cat after neutering is an important step in promoting proper healing and preventing infections. Neutering is a surgical procedure that removes a male cat's testicles, and it is commonly done to control population and reduce the risk of certain diseases. While the procedure itself is relatively safe, it is essential to follow specific ...Consequently, a permanent scar forms within 14-21 days, marking the completion of your cat’s incision healing process. Here are some pictures of normal incisions from different types of surgeries, such as cat spays and other procedures. You can use these images as a reference to compare your cat’s incision and monitor its progress.It occurs when there is a proliferation of bacteria on the incision site. This bacterial invasion leads to damage of body tissues around the neuter incision site and thus inhibits the healing process. It results in discharge buildup and inflammation. In most cases, it is as a result of poor aftercare of the incision.The following aftercare instructions provide guidelines for the next several days of your pet's recovery, as well as what to expect and potential red flags. If you have questions or concerns that are not addressed here, please call AHS Vet Centers at 763-489-7729. How to care for your pet after spay/neuter surgery. Watch on.This resource-heavy guide provides links to videos, images, and editable infographics (in both English and Spanish) that can help empower your clients with the knowledge to help their pets through the post-surgical healing process. Included are: “Help Your Pet Heal” customizable postoperative instructions infographic. “Help Your Pet Heal ...Does anyone else find that getting the kids ready and out the door, for school, each and every weekday morning is similar to herding cats? Weekdays around 7:00 A.M everyone... Edit...Feb 6, 2024 · Keep your cat’s paws clean. Taking care of your cat’s paws after surgery will prevent them from getting infected. Infection can occur if foreign objects, like dirt or litter get into the wounds from the surgery. [13] Newly declawed cats are especially susceptible to paw infections. Learn how to help your cat heal fast after neuter surgery with advice from a veterinarian. Find out what to expect, what to avoid and what products to use for your …The 8 Steps in a Cat Neutering Procedure. 1. Examination. Your veterinarian performs a nose-to-tail examination and runs blood work before or the same day of the procedure. If the results show ...See full list on deniselim.com Dog & Cat Short Nail Grinder Head. $9.99. Add to cart. Discover the remarkable transformation of male cats before and after neutering. Explore the benefits and changes that occur in these feline companions after the procedure. Learn more about the positive impact of neutering on a male cat's behavior, health, and overall well-being. Starts In A Few Hours. Debridement is the stage of a cat’s healing process for a wound that begins immediately after the inflammatory process has ended. The debridement stage occurs naturally and is responsible for removing unwanted, or unneeded materials away from the wound. Wound fluids and pus will flow away from the wound in order to ... TNR stands for Trap, Neuter, and Release. These three words describe the recommended protocol for managing a colony of feral cats. Let us walk you through the ABCs of TNR in this special article. The more you know about feral cats, the better you can help them and advocate for their welfare. Feral cats are not wild animals.Recovery Timeline. The duration of confinement after cat neutering can vary, typically around 24-48 hours based on the veterinarian’s recommendation. The healing time for simple neuters is usually 5-7 days, while abdominal surgery may require 10-14 days for healing. Signs of a Healthy Recovery. I’ve never owned a male cat who wasn’t neutered before adoption, so I’m not sure what the healing process is supposed to look like. He is eating and behaving as normal but I just wanted to double check to ensure that he is doing well. I will link a photo of his testes to this post. I also wanted to share that they did give him stitches ... Suture Knots. If you see a small bump at one end of the incision, it may simply be the knot of the sutures beneath the skin. If your cat has visible stitches, you are only seeing the outer layer, and surgical closure involves a few layers. First, the vet sutures the body wall. Next comes the closure of connective tissue between the body wall ...Oct 10, 2012 · TNR stands for Trap, Neuter, and Release. These three words describe the recommended protocol for managing a colony of feral cats. Let us walk you through the ABCs of TNR in this special article. The more you know about feral cats, the better you can help them and advocate for their welfare. Feral cats are not wild animals. Before Surgery. You must have an appointment. Making your appointment online is the fastest and best way. Cats should receive no food after 9 p.m. the night before surgery. Water all night is OK. Keep pets inside the night before their appointment so we can be certain they will not find anything to eat. Cats must be in individual carriers.To return to the question about whether you should neuter or not neuter your male cat. The answer all about urine and horrible smells and stopping procreation! Too many cats already. That said, it brings to mind exotic pets. Some people in America like to keep wild cats as pets. And I suspect they don’t neuter these cats or perhaps they do.Inflammation: This stage begins immediately after the wound occurs and the tissues under the skin surface begin to swell. White blood cells, platelets, and other molecules begin to activate to promote healing. Debridement: Several hours after the onset of the wound, white blood cells get to work targeting inflammation and any infection that may ...Neutering is a common surgery that we do in order to prevent unwanted litters of kittens and can also prevent/treat undesirable behavior such as aggression o...By Mia | 1. The approach for caring for a stray or feral cat after spaying or neutering will largely depend on the animal’s behavior. In the case of a fairly tame cat, it’s best to keep the cat for 10 to 14 days, to ensure the incision heals properly. But in the case of true feral cats, it’s best to release the animal on the morning after ...When it comes to determining if your cat’s neuter incision is healed, the best approach is to keep an eye on the area for any signs of infection or unusual swelling. Generally, the incision should be healing properly within a few weeks after the procedure. It’s important to not only look at the incision but also feel the area for any signs ...Body Shape and Musculature. Neutered male cats often change body shape and musculature. Cats may develop a more rounded appearance without the influence of testosterone, which is significantly reduced after neutering. This change is typically due to a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat.When you arrive to pick up the cat post surgery the cat should be fully awake, but may not be fully alert. They will still be groggy from anesthesia. All cats recovering from anesthesia are unpredictable. Do not stick your fingers through the bars or attempt to handle the cats. Do not open the trap door or attempt to handle the cat.2,327 spay and neuter stock photos, 3D objects, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. ... Animal spay or neuter. Cat in veterinary collar and bandage. Sterilization of pets. World spay day. ... Pet clothing for wound protection to help the kitten heal after neutering, spaying or castration. Young female calico cat with pet ...My 4 year old got his cast off today. In just 3.5 weeks his little broken leg is healed. While that to me is an incredibly impressive healing time, it... Edit Your Post Published b...Neutering is a surgical procedure that involves removing a cat’s reproductive organs, and the wound needs time to heal properly. During the healing process, cats may try to lick or scratch the incision site, which can result in infections and other complications. The cone, also known as an Elizabethan collar or e-collar, prevents the cat from ...29 posts · Joined 2012. #1 · Aug 10, 2012. Hi, My cats Tigrito and Chuy were neutered today. Everybody told me that they would be sluggish and want to sleep a lot afterwards but they are running around like nothing happened. I was told to remove all toys to prevent them from playing but they play with everything they can find including rugs ...When it comes to determining if your cat’s neuter incision is healed, the best approach is to keep an eye on the area for any signs of infection or unusual swelling. Generally, the incision should be healing properly within a few weeks after the procedure. It’s important to not only look at the incision but also feel the area for any signs ...The short answer is that it takes under 2 minutes to perform the average neutering procedure for a male cat if both testicles have descended in the scrotum, not counting the time it takes to ...Please keep females that were in heat away from non-neutered males for two (2) weeks. While they are unable to become pregnant, they will still attract males. If a male attempts to breed the female, it can cause life-threatening damage to the female. Male cats can still impregnate a female cat for up to two months after surgery.Some time ago, it was usually advised to neuter male cats once they reached 9 months of age. But nowadays the tendency is to do it after only 4 or 5 months. Much will depend on whether there is an un-spayed female cat at home. The breed of your cat will also be crucial in determining when to perform the procedure.This is a photo of a large orange feral cat with green eyes peeking out from under a house. You can see the pipes under the house and the cat looks afraid to come out. The cat's left ear has been cropped because this cat was neutered as a feral kitten during a trap, neuter, release program. Tabby cat in a medical blanket after surgery.Apr 6, 2023 ... The cone of shame shouldn't be shameful at all. It's there to protect your pet. from licking their incision or pulling out stitches. These ...The surgery site usually heals within two weeks, and any skin stitches are removed at a follow-up appointment with your vet. Why should I spay or neuter my cat? Spaying or neutering your cat, as well as community cats (i.e., free-roaming cats who live outdoors), prevents unwanted births, which helps reduce overpopulation in animal shelters.Fretting over our cat’s health is all part of being a committed cat parent. I was an anxious wreck with my first female cat, too. To help you provide the best recovery care for your cat, this article covers: Aftercare instructions for a cat spay. What a healing spay incision looks like, day by day. Initially, the skin swells and reddens and may even show signs of bruising. Over time, the repair cells and proteins diminish and a scar is formed. In a normal, healthy cat, properly healing, non-infected incisions typically heal within 10 – 14 days and a permanent scar forms within about 14 – 21 days. During the healing phase, it is ... Incisions may become itchy due to local inflammation during the healing process, nerve regeneration in the skin, or from hair growing back in. If your cat tries to scratch or lick the itchy incision, he can rip out sutures or damage the healing skin. This allows the incision to open, slowing the healing process and promoting infection.The incision looks ok to me. It's normal for the surgical site to bleed a little and also the swelling is due to blood filling up the sac. It'll slowly subside in a week or two. Just take note that there is no yellow pus or foul smelling pus. If there is, it means that the surgical site is infected and you must immediately bring your cat in to ...My cat took about 2 weeks to fully heal, You might want to watch over him for about 10 days, make sure his incision sight is good as well that he wears his cone/special collar, there can be pain meds as needed after the surgery. to get a cat spayed it usually cost between 200-500 and neutered usually between 100-300 it is different in all places. hope this helpsMay 29, 2018 · Please keep females that were in heat away from non-neutered males for two (2) weeks. While they are unable to become pregnant, they will still attract males. If a male attempts to breed the female, it can cause life-threatening damage to the female. Male cats can still impregnate a female cat for up to two months after surgery. Generally, the recovery is about one to two weeks. For neuters, for male cats, its actually very quick. They just have a really small incision over each testicle and then those incisions heal up quickly and they generally don't require much aftercare as long as we can make sure the incisions don't get infected or anything like that. For female ...With the growing popularity of probiotics, some researchers are asking whether they might benefit felines. A recent, small-scale study investigates. Probiotic supplements have beco...Learn how to help your cat heal fast after neuter surgery with advice from a veterinarian. Find out what to expect, what to avoid and what products to use for your …Fatty acid supplements. Supplementing your kitty’s diet with salmon oil can help support skin health. Fish oils contain omega-3 fatty acids which may help to reduce inflammation. 3. Hypoallergenic skin moisturizer. Use a gentle, hypoallergenic moisturizer that’s safe for cats to keep your furbaby’s skin well-hydrated.Suture Knots. If you see a small bump at one end of the incision, it may simply be the knot of the sutures beneath the skin. If your cat has visible stitches, you are only seeing the outer layer, and surgical closure involves a few layers. First, the vet sutures the body wall. Next comes the closure of connective tissue between the body wall ...Learn how to help your cat heal fast after neuter surgery with advice from a veterinarian. Find out what to expect, what to avoid and what products to use for your …Believe it or not, cats can be trained. In fact, a new study suggests even older cats who seem set in their ways can be trained too. Believe it or not, cats can be trained. In fact...How to Care for a Cat After Spaying or Neutering. Keep Cats Calm. The first thing veterinarians will explain is that cats should be kept quiet during the spay or neuter recovery time. That means no excessive running, jumping, or playing. This can be hard to do if we’re talking about a kitten as most kittens are unlikely to respect doctors ...Dog & Cat Short Nail Grinder Head. $9.99. Add to cart. Discover the remarkable transformation of male cats before and after neutering. Explore the benefits and changes that occur in these feline companions after the procedure. Learn more about the positive impact of neutering on a male cat's behavior, health, and overall well-being.Orange Feral Cat Under a House. This is a photo of a large orange feral cat with green eyes peeking out from under a house. You can see the pipes under the house and the cat looks afraid to come out. The cat's left ear has been cropped because this cat was neutered as a feral kitten during a trap, neuter, release program.How to Draw a Cat - Learn how to draw a cat in just five easy steps. Get detailed instructions and helpful illustrations for each step of your cat drawing. Advertisement Practice d... When you arrive to pick up the cat post surgery the cat should be fully awake, but may not be fully alert. They will still be groggy from anesthesia. All cats recovering from anesthesia are unpredictable. Do not stick your fingers through the bars or attempt to handle the cats. Do not open the trap door or attempt to handle the cat. Photography Veronika Ryabova | iStock Photo. Surgery is not a one-day vets-only game. It includes a recovery period at home where healing is paramount to …Body Shape and Musculature. Neutered male cats often change body shape and musculature. Cats may develop a more rounded appearance without the influence of testosterone, which is significantly reduced after neutering. This change is typically due to a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat.The first secret to healing your mind is to know that it is actually possible. This shouldn’t be a secret at The first secret to healing your mind is to know that it is actually po...Aug 16, 2023 ... Incision healing images specific to their pet (female dog, male dog, female cat, or male cat). • Links to the “Help Your Pet Heal” videos ...Initially, the skin swells and reddens and may even show signs of bruising. Over time, the repair cells and proteins diminish and a scar is formed. In a normal, healthy cat, properly healing, non-infected incisions typically …The incision looks ok to me. It's normal for the surgical site to bleed a little and also the swelling is due to blood filling up the sac. It'll slowly subside in a week or two. Just take note that there is no yellow pus or foul smelling pus. If there is, it means that the surgical site is infected and you must immediately bring your cat in to ...Sep 27, 2023 · Neutering in cats refers to the surgical removal of the testes in male cats, commonly known as castration. It is a standard procedure that prevents cats from breeding and offers several other benefits. Neutering is typically recommended around 6 months of age, but early neutering may be necessary in certain situations. Inflammation: This stage begins immediately after the wound occurs and the tissues under the skin surface begin to swell. White blood cells, platelets, and other molecules begin to activate to promote healing. Debridement: Several hours after the onset of the wound, white blood cells get to work targeting inflammation and any infection that may ... Consequently, a permanent scar forms within 14-21 days, marking the completion of your cat’s incision healing process. Here are some pictures of normal incisions from different types of surgeries, such as cat spays and other procedures. You can use these images as a reference to compare your cat’s incision and monitor its progress. 188 cat spay neuter clinic stock photos, 3D objects, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. ... post operation wound healing process. Cat is lying at the veterinarian after surgery. Young cat sphynx sleeping after surgery. Vet and animal concept. Injured Cats Illustrations. Cat after surgery, amputation, without eye, cat with ...Fretting over our cat’s health is all part of being a committed cat parent. I was an anxious wreck with my first female cat, too. To help you provide the best recovery care for your cat, this article covers: Aftercare instructions for a cat spay. What a healing spay incision looks like, day by day.Red Cat Holdings News: This is the News-site for the company Red Cat Holdings on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksA male cat is called a tom or a tomcat. If he is neutered, he is called a gib. If the male is kept for breeding purposes, he may be referred to as a sire. A female cat that is able...7. Poor Wound Healing. By 5-10 days after surgery, neuter incisions should show clear signs of mending redness fading, swelling decreasing, and scabs diminishing. If the wound area looks nearly as bad (or worse) than a few days prior or fails to heal after 2 weeks, consider infection likely. 8.TNR stands for Trap, Neuter, and Release. These three words describe the recommended protocol for managing a colony of feral cats. Let us walk you through the ABCs of TNR in this special article. The more you know about feral cats, the better you can help them and advocate for their welfare. Feral cats are not wild animals.Browse 496 professional cat neuter stock photos, images & pictures available royalty-free. Download Cat Neuter stock photos. Free or royalty-free photos and images. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. Dreamstime is the world`s largest stock photography community.Body Shape and Musculature. Neutered male cats often change body shape and musculature. Cats may develop a more rounded appearance without the influence of testosterone, which is significantly reduced after neutering. This change is typically due to a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat.Neuter – Feline. One of the most common surgical procedures we perform is a cat neuter, know medically as an orchectomy. It is performed for several reasons: It minimizes roaming. It minimizes aggressive behavior. It prevents male cats from impregnating females. It minimized urinating in the home (urine spraying).In preparation for your cat’s return home after surgery, you should set-up a comfortable post-op recovery space that will help control your cat’s physical activity. Below are some suggested spaces, which will vary depending on your space, your cat, and the type of procedure they had. Large Carrier (Plastic Dog Crate): Many people have good ...AAHA Spay and Neuter Age Guidelines. Woman Owned | LBGTQ Friendly | Transgender Safe. App Download | Online Store & Refills | Appointment Request. 7 Wenger Court, Carlisle, PA 17015 | (717) 462-9480 | Mon- Thus: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm. *Please note that Healing Paws Veterinary Care of Carlisle, PA is not affiliated with Healing Paws Animal Hospital ...The Process of Neuter Surgery. (1) Your veterinary team will examine your cat and run his blood work the same day or earlier to make sure he is safe for anesthesia. (2) If his blood work is normal, your cat will be administered an injection to sedate him and reduce any anxiety and pain, and then an intravenous catheter might be placed in his leg.Exercise and movement. Rest is an essential part of healing, but cat behaviour after surgery is different for every cat and it’s not uncommon for some to be unusually energetic after operations. They’ll need your help to stay calm and comfortable to ensure they heal properly. It is best to keep your cat indoors during the initial healing ...To return to the question about whether you should neuter or not neuter your male cat. The answer all about urine and horrible smells and stopping procreation! Too many cats already. That said, it brings to mind exotic pets. Some people in America like to keep wild cats as pets. And I suspect they don’t neuter these cats or perhaps they do.The surgical wound can be fixed using a variety of techniques, despite the fact that you might believe all neutering wounds are alike. Your vet’s recommendations will determine the kind of cut your cat receives! After neutering/spaying a cat, the veterinarian stitched up the outer layer of skin to cover the cut by following the below 2 methods.Keep your cat’s paws clean. Taking care of your cat’s paws after surgery will prevent them from getting infected. Infection can occur if foreign objects, like dirt or litter get into the wounds from the surgery. [13] Newly declawed cats are …Dr. Tiffany Tupler shares a comprehensive guide to cat neutering aftercare: how to care for the incision, food and bathroom guidelines, and when your cat can get …TNR colony caretaker Mike Phillips checks on recently spayed/neutered cats in a postsurgical TNR recovery area. (Photo by Urban Cat League) Even veteran …Inflammation: This stage begins immediately after the wound occurs and the tissues under the skin surface begin to swell. White blood cells, platelets, and other molecules begin to activate to promote healing. Debridement: Several hours after the onset of the wound, white blood cells get to work targeting inflammation and any infection that may ...As a responsible pet parenting, cat neutering and spaying are essential considerations. However, many cat parents are uncertain about the distinction between the two. Let's delve into the key differences to provide a clear understanding. Neutering Your Male Cat: People often simply refer to the process of neutering a male cat as "neutering."Cover the traps and leave only about 1/4 of the front of the trap exposed. If you find the cats aren’t going into the traps, try removing the covers. Every cat is different, so you may need to use a combination of covered and uncovered traps. 8. Set the trap and move away from the area and out of sight of the cats.Neutering in cats refers to the surgical removal of the testes in male cats, commonly known as castration. It is a standard procedure that prevents cats from breeding and offers several other benefits. Neutering is typically recommended around 6 months of age, but early neutering may be necessary in certain situations.Traditionally, it was thought better to hold off on neutering cats until they were mature and fully developed, usually around 6 months old. However, these days, many vets recommend neutering much younger. Developmentally, it's possible to neuter a cat as young as 8 weeks old. By this age, the tissues are not so delicate, and the procedure can ...Fretting over our cat’s health is all part of being a committed cat parent. I was an anxious wreck with my first female cat, too. To help you provide the best recovery care for your cat, this article covers: Aftercare instructions for a cat spay. What a healing spay incision looks like, day by day.The following aftercare instructions provide guidelines for the next several days of your pet's recovery, as well as what to expect and potential red flags. If you have questions or concerns that are not addressed here, please call AHS Vet Centers at 763-489-7729. How to care for your pet after spay/neuter surgery. Watch on.In a newly neutered dog, the male dog neuter incision may look like more of a wound. Then the neuter wound healing starts, and progresses. Ultimately, what remains is a dog neuter scar. And in some cases, the male dog neuter scar may be very small. So small that you have to examine the site very closely to pick it.This resource-heavy guide provides links to videos, images, and editable infographics (in both English and Spanish) that can help empower your clients with the knowledge to help their pets through the post-surgical healing process. Included are: “Help Your Pet Heal” customizable postoperative instructions infographic. “Help Your Pet Heal ...When I got my cat neutered 3 weeks ago I had no clue what to expect and there is way too limited information about how the healing process looks. So here's what my cat looked like healing and what the full process looked like. Firstly, my cat peed in his crate 2 minutes into a 25 minute drive home from the vet.

Nov 15, 2022 ... Generally, your cat will be okay to resume their normal activities after about two weeks of recovery time. Your vet may recommend a follow-up .... Mass general brigham gateway

cat neuter healing photos

is my cats neuter incision healing correctly? his surgery was on friday. im a first time cat owner so im not exactly sure what its supposed to look like. i tried looking for photos online but i havent found one that looks like his. i think its okay, just looking for another opinion from someone who is more knowledgeable on what its supposed to ...Pet parents should contain especially playful cats in a small area to keep boisterous activity to a minimum while they heal. The speed at which kitties recover from a spay or neuter surgery surprises most pet parents. Within 24 hours, most cats will be acting normally — eating, playing, and purring. So if kitty seems lethargic, check in with ...Post Neuter Recovery Question. Hello! My 6 month old male kitten was neutered recently (~4 days ago) and they said he’s healing well. I’ve been trying to limit his jumping by putting him in a smallish closet with food and water and a place to lay on. I hate doing this because the poor baby is meowing occasionally to leave but I have no ...Keeping the area clean, and making sure your cat cannot lick the area, will allow that natural healing process to take place as quickly as possible. Cats ...Nov 15, 2022 ... Generally, your cat will be okay to resume their normal activities after about two weeks of recovery time. Your vet may recommend a follow-up ...Starts In A Few Hours. Debridement is the stage of a cat’s healing process for a wound that begins immediately after the inflammatory process has ended. The debridement stage occurs naturally and is responsible for removing unwanted, or unneeded materials away from the wound. Wound fluids and pus will flow away from the wound in order to ...CALL US NOW! We are ready to help you today! DAMANSARA UTAMA +603-7732 8878Photo from: @trumannanimal. A healing cat neuter incision should look like a thin, straight line, and will be pink around the edges. Over a few weeks, the incision will heal, and the hair will eventually grow back. The incision site will probably disappear after some time! slika zdravog healed incision site-a. How Long Does The Healing Process ...Many of us will have experienced that super friendly cat who seems to love being stroked one minute, only to bite or swipe at us the next. Many of us will have experienced that sup...The incision looks ok to me. It's normal for the surgical site to bleed a little and also the swelling is due to blood filling up the sac. It'll slowly subside in a week or two. Just take note that there is no yellow pus or foul smelling pus. If there is, it means that the surgical site is infected and you must immediately bring your cat in to ...All in all. A healthy and healing spay incision will be a straight line on your dog’s stomach with raised edges and visible stitching or invisible suturing holding the raw edges together. There will be slight redness and swelling, slight bruising, and perhaps light pink or clear discharge as the wound heals.Discharge from the Incision Site (Pus or Blood) If you notice any discharge, such as pus or blood, coming from your cat’s incision site after neutering, it could be a sign of infection.This is an important symptom to watch out for because it indicates that bacteria may have entered the wound during the surgery and caused an infection. The discharge can vary … I’ve never owned a male cat who wasn’t neutered before adoption, so I’m not sure what the healing process is supposed to look like. He is eating and behaving as normal but I just wanted to double check to ensure that he is doing well. I will link a photo of his testes to this post. I also wanted to share that they did give him stitches ... Pets not undergoing surgery can receive vaccines, and other services Monday - Friday from 10:00 am - 2:00 pm ($5 office visit fee, per animal applies) You may walk in or schedule an appointment. Walk-ins will incur a $10 per animal walk-in fee and will be seen after our appointment based clients..

Popular Topics