Gabapentin and trazodone for dogs - Trazodone: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus A small number of children, teenagers, and young adults (up to 24 years of age) who took a...

 
Trazodone is an antidepressant with extra-label applications in veterinary medicine. In dogs, this medication is a valuable tool for managing anxiety and anxiety-related problems like aggression .... Ca 126 highway

Do you know how to become a dog breeder? Find out how to become a dog breeder in this article from HowStuffWorks Advertisement Being a dog breeder is a commitment. You must care ab...Gabapentin is a human medication used by vets to treat seizures, pain, and anxiety in dogs. Learn how it works, how to dose it, and what side effects to watch …In dogs, gabapentin is metabolized into N-methyl-gabapentin.6 It has greater than 80% systemic oral availability,7 and absorption is not affected by food. Maximum blood levels are achieved in one to three hours and it has an elimination half-life of three to four hours.6 Gabapentin is excreted almost completely by the kidneys and it …Trazodone (brand name Desyrel®, Oleptro®) is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) antidepressant that is used to treat behavioral disorders, especially anxiety- or phobia-related in dogs (e.g., separation anxiety, noise phobia such as fireworks or thunderstorms, veterinary visits, hospitalization, and travel).Max Trazodone Dose for Dogs. It is highly unusual for a vet to prescribe your dog more than 12 mg per pound. In most cases, the dosage is 2.5 to 3.5 mg per pound. Always follow your vet’s instructions because too much Trazodone could cause your dog to become dangerously sedated.Gabapentin is often used for the management of mild situational anxiety in dogs. For example, if your dog is terrified of veterinary visits, your veterinarian may prescribe a dose of gabapentin (given alone or in combination with another medication) to give before vet visits, to reduce anxiety. When used in this way, gabapentin can help …Trazodone may cause dry mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless gum or candy, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth ...Cats Benzodiazepine added to trazodone or gabapentin or pregabalin Cats Trazodone added to gabapentin or pregabalin Cats Pheromones, alpha casozepine, l-theanine, or melatonin with a single PVP or combination Examples of PVP combinations When additional sedation is needed Species Example combination Dogs Add acepromazine at …Trazodone is often prescribed for sleep. This is an off-label use of this antidepressant. Trazodone may be an effective sleep aid with fewer side effects than other options. It's not addictive ...Trazodone (brand name Desyrel®, Oleptro®) is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) antidepressant that is used to treat behavioral disorders, especially anxiety- or phobia-related in dogs (e.g., separation anxiety, noise phobia such as fireworks or thunderstorms, veterinary visits, hospitalization, and travel).Trazodone is not a benzodiazepine, according to Drugs.com. Trazodone is an antidepressant that treats chemical imbalances in the brain that are known to lead to major depressive di...For mild to moderate fear and anxiety in dogs, trazodone, clonidine, benzodiazepines (e.g. alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam), gabapentin, imepitoin or dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel might be effective for car ride anxiety, veterinary visits and procedures. 3 In cats, gabapentin, trazodone and benzodiazepines (e.g. lorazepam, alprazolam) can be ...A: Absolutely, glad to share insights! Trazodone is intriguing due to its dual ability to act as a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor. Essentially, it boosts the mood-elevating chemicals in the brain, which is paramount for dogs grappling with anxiety or stress-triggered behaviors. It’s like flipping a switch in their brain that says ...We generally recommend either trazodone (in dogs) or gabapentin (dogs or cats). A dose given the night before and 2 hours before your appointment may help with ...Gabapentin is used to treat seizures, nerve pain, chronic pain, and anxiety in dogs. The standard gabapentin dosage for dogs is 10–20 mg/kg every eight to 12 hours. The most common side effects of gabapentin in dogs are mild sedation and coordination problems. Do not give gabapentin to dogs if they are allergic to the drug.Gabapentin (Neurontin) received an overall rating of 7 out of 10 stars from 229 reviews. See what others have said about Gabapentin (Neurontin), including the effectiveness, ease o... For veterinary professionals: Order from our 40,000-preparation formulary. Order here. Gabapentin / Trazodone Quad Tab. Prescribed For: Dogs and Cats. May be Prescribed For: Behavioral Disorders, Anxiety and Neuropathic pain. If you have any questions concerning these medications, please consult with your doctor. Pick up or refill now. Trazodone is an effective medicine that can greatly reduce your pet’s anxiety and associated behavioral disorders. How much trazodone can I give my dog? The …It comes in a variety of doses — 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg — but your dog's particular prescription will depend on the condition being treated. The recommended gabapentin dosage for dogs by weight for seizures is 10 mg/kg as a starting dose twice daily or up to 30-60 mg/kg twice daily. 7 As a general rule, the …Gabapentin Dosage for Dogs. The general rule of the thumb is that dogs should receive around 5 mg of Gabapentin per kg of body weight every 12 hours. However, there are many individual variations and factors, meaning finding the correct Gabapentin dosage for your dog might take experimentation.Learn how gabapentin can help dogs with seizures, pain, and anxiety. Find out how it works, what side effects it may have, and how it interacts with trazodone.Trazodone is only available as a generic drug; all brands have been discontinued. Generic trazodone is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. Get trazodone for as low as $4.85, which is 71% off the average retail price of $16.67 for the most common version, by using a GoodRx coupon.Constipation. continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in the ears. diarrhea. hearing loss. muscle aches or pains. weight loss. Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.Mar 11, 2024 · The standard dose of trazodone is approximately 1 to 3 milligrams per pound of the dog’s body weight. For example, if a dog weighs 23 pounds the animal dose of trazodone is in the 23 mg to 70 mg range. Trazodone is often prescribed for surgical procedures on animals. A veterinarian can prescribe the appropriate amount for your pet. Trazodone can reliably and safely induce sedation and anxiolysis in dogs and cats, making it a useful pharmacologic agent beyond the treatment of behavior problems. Indications for Trazodone in Dogs & Cats. Trazodone has been clinically used for both dogs and cats; however, its use has been more extensively researched in dogs.Studies confirm that Trazodone can affect your sexual health. It’s also sometimes used to treat erectile dysfunction: when you can’t get or keep an erection strong enough for sex. Here are common sexual side effects you might experience when using Trazodone: Increased or Decreased Libido. Impaired Ejaculation.Oct 20, 2022 · Serious side effects of Trazodone. Along with its needed effects, trazodone may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking trazodone: More common. Blurred vision ... Trazodone may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks. Buy Trazodone Tablets Online - Free Worldwide Shipping Trazodone is an oral state of mind elevator considered depression, anxiety (when it's a sign of misery), in addition to for agoraphobia, panic strikes and boosted aggressiveness.Last updated on Nov 6, 2023. After a single dose in a healthy adult, trazodone will be mostly out of your system in one to three days. For trazodone the half-life is approximately 5 to 13 hours. This means that every 5 to 13 hours, the level in your blood will drop by 50 percent. The elimination half-life of a medication is the time it takes ...WebMD. ). Trazodone is an FDA-approved medication to treat depression, although it has also been used to treat anxiety and insomnia. The drug's side effects can make you …What to know about keeping your dog safe in cold, winter weather.Gabapentin for seizures. A dosage of 10-20 mg/kg every eight hours orally is administered to manage seizures in dogs. Certain dogs may sometimes be given a higher dose to control seizures. Gabapentin for neuropathic pain. The dosage may start at 5-15 mg/kg every 12 hours and gradually increase to 40 mg/kg every eight to 12 hours if …Jun 19, 2023 ... Dr. Sally J Foote discusses a recent study using 50mg/kg of Gabapentin as a single dose 2 hours before a veterinary exam in healthy dogs.Gabapentin (50 – 100 mg per cat or 150 mg if big cat, PO, 2 – 3 hours before arrival) ... o Can be administered to dogs in the clinic; takes ~1 hour for effect in fasted dogs. o Trazodone has no analgesic properties. o Paradoxical excitation is uncommon, nevertheless trial dose at home isGabapentin is often used for the management of mild situational anxiety in dogs. For example, if your dog is terrified of veterinary visits, your veterinarian may prescribe a dose of gabapentin (given alone or in combination with another medication) to give before vet visits, to reduce anxiety. When used in this way, gabapentin can help …Trazodone is an anti-anxiety medication often prescribed by vets to ease short-term anxiety in dogs and cats. It can help your dog to cope with stress and recover after surgery or other difficult events. But it doesn’t just improve their well-being. It can also improve your peace of mind.Nov 27, 2023 · Gabapentin will make your pet feel calm and “chill.”. The most often reported side effects of gabapentin in dogs are sleepiness and loss of coordination. The side effects can be worse the first time your pet takes it but generally go away within 24 hours. More rarely, your pet may experience vomiting and diarrhea. Some Research Hints Antidepressants May Cause Vivid Dreams, Too. While antidepressants’ effect on sleep is somewhat well known, there’s much less scientific evidence on how antidepressants ... Trazodone, sold under many brand names, [1] is an antidepressant medication. [20] It is used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. [20] The medication is taken orally. [20] Common side effects include dry mouth, feeling faint, vomiting, and headache. [20] Serious side effects of Trazodone. Along with its needed effects, trazodone may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking trazodone: More common. Blurred vision ...Maximum dose: 400 mg per at 1-866-832-8537 or Trazodone hydrochloride tablets are available in the following strengths: day in divided doses (2). [email protected]; or 300 mg: White, oval, flat-faced, beveled-edge tablet with one side scored with.Dosage. Side Effects. Warnings and Interactions. Trazodone is an antidepressant in the serotonin modulators class of drugs. It is used to treat depression and works by increasing the action of serotonin in your brain. In addition to being used for managing depression, it can be used to treat insomnia and anxiety.Trazodone is a drug used in veterinary medicine to treat dogs with behavior problems and high anxiety. This drug was initially used to treat humans, but veterinarians have more recently (in the last 10 years) started prescribing it for their canine patients. Trazodone is generally prescribed for the management of an underlying behavioral or ... Gabapentin (20-25 mg/kg PO) should be administered the evening before the scheduled appointment. A combination of gabapentin (20-25 mg/kg PO) and melatonin (small dogs, 0.5-1 mg PO; medium dogs, 1-3 mg PO; large dogs, 5 mg PO) should be administered at least 1 to 2 hours before the scheduled appointment. Trazodone is an antidepressant medicine. Sometimes, it is used as a sleep aid and to treat agitation in people with dementia. Trazodone overdose occurs when someone takes more than...Dosages can vary, but commonly gabapentin is dosed in dogs at 5-30 mg/kg up to three times daily,3 though in our own patients we have used 10-40 mg/kg up to three times daily as well. Gabapentin has also been used on an as-needed basis to achieve anxiolysis at 30-60 mg/kg one to two hours before an anticipated stressful event, such as a ...Gabapentin is an anticonvulsive medication that is primarily used to treat seizures and nerve pain. It was initially developed as a muscle relaxer and anti-spasmodic medication, but its anticonvulsive properties were discovered later. Gabapentin is also used as an adjunct to more potent anticonvulsants and for the management of certain types of ...The present article reviewed the pharmacologic therapies of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including current and potential treatments. Pharmacologic therapies are an essential part of TBI care, and several agents have well-established effects in TBI care. In the acute phase, tranexamic acid, antiepileptics, hyperosmolar agents, and anesthetics ...There is a wide range of acceptable Trazodone dosages for dogs, although you should never exceed 300 mg per dose or 600 mg per day, regardless of how big your dog is. It is always best to do a trial run, and start with a lower dose to gauge your dog’s response. If not getting the response you need, gradually increase the dose, staying within ...Aug 9, 2022 · There is a wide range of acceptable Trazodone dosages for dogs, although you should never exceed 300 mg per dose or 600 mg per day, regardless of how big your dog is. It is always best to do a trial run, and start with a lower dose to gauge your dog’s response. If not getting the response you need, gradually increase the dose, staying within ... unusual bruising or bleeding. nosebleeds. small red or purple dots on the skin. erection lasting more than 6 hours. headache. problems with thinking, concentration, or memory. weakness. problems with coordination. Trazodone can cause painful, long lasting erections in males.Trazodone is an antidepressant that may help dogs with anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Learn how to use it safely, what side effects to watch …Trazodone is often prescribed for sleep. This is an off-label use of this antidepressant. Trazodone may be an effective sleep aid with fewer side effects than other options. It's not addictive ...Gastrointestinal. Vomiting. Nausea. Trazodone overdose can also lead to serotonin syndrome, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of serotonin in the body.6 Symptoms can range from shivering and diarrhea to muscle rigidity, fever, and seizures. Severe cases of serotonin syndrome can be life-threatening if not properly …A much larger pooch might be prescribed 300mg of gabapentin. This regular dosage helps keep a steady level of gabapentin in your dog’s blood stream. Gabapentin for dogs is given every day, not just when seizures happen. Gabapentin takes 1 to 3 hours to reach its full strength in dogs, so needs to be consistently re-dosed.Trazodone. Anxiety & Depression. – Can be used long-term. – Less sedative than Acepromazine. – May cause drowsiness. – Takes longer to take effect. Gabapentin. Pain & Anxiety. – Good for chronic pain.In very rare cases, this anxiety or lowering of inhibitions may lead to an increased likelihood of aggressive behaviors. Gastrointestinal signs, such as vomiting and/or diarrhea, may also be observed. Possible side effects of trazodone for dogs include: Drowsiness/lethargy. Panting.Serious side effects of Trazodone. Along with its needed effects, trazodone may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking trazodone: More common. Blurred vision ...Trazodone (brand name Desyrel®, Oleptro®) is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) antidepressant that is used to treat behavioral disorders, especially anxiety- or phobia-related in dogs (e.g., separation anxiety, noise phobia such as fireworks or thunderstorms, veterinary visits, hospitalization, and travel).Trazodone is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) drug. It’s an antidepressant that vets usually prescribe to treat behavioral disorders in dogs associated with anxiety and phobias. Trazodone is a safe dog anxiety medication, and most dogs don’t experience any adverse side effects. However, some pets may experience …Gabapentin. Gabapentin is a medication that can be used for several purposes, including seizure control, anxiety relief, sedation, and pain management. It’s a common dog sedative for grooming, travel, vet visits, and other short-term events. Gabapentin is generally considered safe in healthy pets, with minimal side effects. …WebMD. ). Trazodone is an FDA-approved medication to treat depression, although it has also been used to treat anxiety and insomnia. The drug's side effects can make you …Trazodone is a medication commonly used to treat anxiety and stress in dogs. Learn how it works, how to give it, and what side effects to watch out for.A 10 pound dog may receive as little as 50 mg of gabapentin prior to a veterinary visit, while a 100 pound dog with severe pain may receive as much as 1000 mg of gabapentin every eight hours. Gabapentin is typically given every eight to twelve hours, with peak benefits occurring roughly two hours after dosing.ETF strategy - ALPS SECTOR DIVIDEND DOGS ETF - Current price data, news, charts and performance Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks1. Introduction. Trazodone is a medication that possesses antidepressant, anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties. Its mechanism of action includes blockade of serotonin type 2 receptors, weak inhibition of serotonin reuptake, blockade of histamine 1 receptors, and blockade of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors [].Common side effects of trazodone …Trazodone is a prescription drug used to treat depression and sleep disorders like insomnia. When using trazodone for sleep, the drug is given at low doses—typically between 25 to 100 milligram (mg)—which reduces the risk of drug tolerance and daytime sleepiness. For some people, even lower doses may prove effective and cause fewer side ...Trazodone is commonly given in combination with Gabapentin. Gabapentin has a sedative property and is commonly prescribed for dogs with nerve pain. This makes a great combination to use for post-operative pain and as a mild sedative.4. Side Effects: Keeping an Eye Out. Like any medication, Trazodone has its share of side effects, though they’re generally mild. Here’s what to watch for: Drowsiness: Your pup might be more sleepy than usual. Lethargy: A bit slower to get up and go. Gastro Issues: Rare, but possible. 5. Real Talk: The Pros & Cons.Atypical antidepressants are safe for most people. However, in some circumstances they can cause problems. For example: Bupropion should not be used by people who have a seizure disorder or an eating disorder such as bulimia or anorexia.; Esketamine can cause serious side effects and must be administered by a psychiatrist …Dogs generally tolerate trazodone well, but the following side effects may occur: Sedation/drowsiness. Lethargy. Vomiting. Colitis (inflammation of the colon) Ataxia (drunken gait) Heart arrhythmia. Increased appetite. Some dogs will respond poorly to trazodone and experience increased anxiety or agitation.Trazodone (Desyrel) received an overall rating of 6 out of 10 stars from 352 reviews. See what others have said about Trazodone (Desyrel), including the effectiveness, ease of use ...NB: The sedative dose (>20 mg/kg) is higher than the analgesic dose of gabapentin in cats (gabapentin for analgesia in cats = 5 – 10 mg/kg or 25 – 50 mg per cat, PO, BID) The use of pre-hospital gabapentin has been the single most effective tool for reducing fear and anxiety in healthy cats that I and many clinicians have used.Trazodone (brand name Desyrel®, Oleptro®) is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) antidepressant that is used to treat behavioral disorders, especially anxiety- or phobia-related in dogs (e.g., separation anxiety, noise phobia such as fireworks or thunderstorms, veterinary visits, hospitalization, and travel).Jan 6, 2024 · Trazodone is commonly given in combination with Gabapentin. Gabapentin has a sedative property and is commonly prescribed for dogs with nerve pain. This makes a great combination to use for post-operative pain and as a mild sedative. Gabapentin / Trazodone Oral Oil Suspension. Prescribed For: Dogs and Cats. May be Prescribed For: Behavioral Disorders, Anxiety and Neuropathic pain. If you have any questions concerning these medications, please consult with your doctor. Pick up or refill now. For pet owners: Pick up and fill a new prescription for your pet or refill a current ...8-24 Hours. 4-8 Hours. 4-8 Hours. Gabapentin is a strong contender for pain and seizures, with a moderate interaction level, meaning it needs careful management when combined with other medications. Trazodone shines in situations of high anxiety and stress, also requiring a prescription and careful monitoring.Trazodone is a medication used to treat depression in people and has some uses in veterinary medicine, such as …Trazodone is an antidepressant that may help dogs with anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Learn how to use it safely, what side effects to watch …Because amantadine’s contribution to pain relief is not really analgesia (it is technically called antihyperalgesia), the drug must be used as part of a multimodal protocol with true analgesic drugs like NSAIDs, opioids, and gabapentin. The dosage of Amantadine for dogs and cats is 3 to 5 mg/kg PO q24h to q12h, with q12h preferred.Gabapentin is used to treat seizures, nerve pain, chronic pain, and anxiety in dogs. The standard gabapentin dosage for dogs is 10–20 mg/kg every eight to 12 hours. The most common side effects of gabapentin in dogs are mild sedation and coordination problems. Do not give gabapentin to dogs if they are allergic to the drug.Yes, dogs can take Gabapentin and Trazodone together for certain medical conditions. Both medications are commonly prescribed by veterinarians to treat anxiety, seizures, and other related issues in dogs. They work by affecting different neurotransmitters in the brain to help calm and relax the dog. However, it is important to consult with a ...Side Effects. See also the Warning section. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, blurred vision, changes in weight, headache, muscle ache/pain, dry mouth, bad taste in the ...

Aug 1, 2022 · Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare electroretinographic (ERG) responses obtained in dogs before and after oral administration of gabapentin, trazodone, and a combination of both medications. ANIMALS 12 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES A short-protocol ERG with 20 minutes of dark adaption was recorded for all dogs to establish baseline ERG responses. Dogs then received gabapentin (approx 30 mg/kg ... . King soopers 104th and chambers

gabapentin and trazodone for dogs

Sep 20, 2023 · Trazodone for dogs is given as a pill by mouth. It comes in 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg scored white, round tablets. The standard dosage for dogs is 5 mg/kg, given at least 1 hour before the stressful event. After trazodone is given, it generally takes 1 hour to take effect for short-term anxiety relief, but can take up to 3 hours. WebMD. ). Trazodone is an FDA-approved medication to treat depression, although it has also been used to treat anxiety and insomnia. The drug's side effects can make you …If you have a backyard space, why not put your DIY skills to work and create a dog friendly backyard that your dogs will love? Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest Vi...Here’s a simple yet insightful chart to guide you through the dosage process, keeping in mind that Trazodone comes in 50mg tablets: Dog’s Weight (lbs) Starting Dose (mg/kg) Starting Dose (50mg Tablet Fraction) Optimal Dose Range (mg/kg) Optimal Dose Range (50mg Tablet Fraction) 5 – 10. 2. 1/4.Serious side effects of Trazodone. Along with its needed effects, trazodone may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking trazodone: More common. Blurred vision ...Trazodone is an anti-anxiety medication often prescribed by vets to ease short-term anxiety in dogs and cats. It can help your dog to cope with stress and recover after surgery or other difficult events. But it doesn’t just improve their well-being. It can also improve your peace of mind.Gabapentin is often given in combination with trazodone for dogs for situational anxiety. This combination may be used for dogs who are fearful at the veterinary clinic. Combining gabapentin and trazodone provides anti-anxiety benefits than using either drug alone. Gabapentin Dosage for DogsGabapentin / Trazodone Gourmeds Chewable Tablets. Prescribed For: Dogs and Cats. May be Prescribed For: Behavioral Disorders, Anxiety and Neuropathic pain. If you have any questions concerning these medications, please consult with your doctor. Pick up or refill now. For pet owners: Pick up and fill a new prescription for your pet or refill a ...Trazodone is not a benzodiazepine, according to Drugs.com. Trazodone is an antidepressant that treats chemical imbalances in the brain that are known to lead to major depressive di...Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, and unsteadiness, which can lead to falls. Signs and symptoms associated with more severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death.Trazodone For Dogs Dosage. Veterinarians prescribe trazodone at a range of dosages, so you should always follow your vet’s instructions when administering this (or any other) medication.. Typically, vets recommend that owners give dogs between 2.5 milligrams and 15 milligrams of Trazodone per pound of body weight every 24 hours.For …The AASM 2017 guidelines for doctors using medication to treat chronic insomnia do not recommend trazodone because there’s so little data to support its use. The American College of Physicians ...Gabapentin for seizures. A dosage of 10-20 mg/kg every eight hours orally is administered to manage seizures in dogs. Certain dogs may sometimes be given a higher dose to control seizures. Gabapentin for neuropathic pain. The dosage may start at 5-15 mg/kg every 12 hours and gradually increase to 40 mg/kg every eight to 12 hours if necessary to ...Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare electroretinographic (ERG) responses obtained in dogs before and after oral administration of gabapentin, trazodone, and a combination of both medications. ANIMALS 12 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES A short-protocol ERG with 20 minutes of dark adaption was recorded for all dogs to ….

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